Understanding Black Algae: A Pool Technician’s Challenge
When it comes to pool maintenance, black algae is often cited as one of the more stubborn adversaries that service professionals face. Commonly mistaken for a chlorine-resistant algae, studies since 2018 have showcased that what’s referred to as black algae is actually a cyanobacteria biofilm. The hardy structure of these colonies is due to a thick exopolysaccharide (EPS) coating, which effectively shields them from sanitizers and allows them to embed into plaster and grout surfaces. Misinterpretations of EPS projections as ‘roots’ highlight the need for precise understanding to tackle this issue effectively.
The Composition of Black Algae
Initial research conducted at public swimming pools in Gainesville identified the composition of black algae as a complex mix of cyanobacteria, notably Oscillatoria, Microcoleous, and Nostoc species. This discovery underscores that black algae isn’t a single entity but a blend of multiple cyanobacteria types that form a biofilm community. Further studies at a second location highlighted variations in cyanobacteria, with Leptolyngbya sp. prevalent, emphasizing how geographic distance influences the resident biomass.
Surprising elements like true algae residing within the protective cyanobacteria symbiosis reveal the intricate nature of this biofilm. This cooperative living could be considered a “Collective Cyanobacteria Community,” where variation among localities is substantial, even within a few miles.
Geographic Influence and Analytical Techniques
Examining samples from another nearby area, findings mirrored those from the second location with Leptolyngbya sp. dominating. Presence of Oscillatoria and Synechococcus species was also confirmed. The analysis revealed trace levels of microcystin, far below any harmful benchmarks set by health authorities, making clear the variance in toxin presence in different environments.
Using advanced microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, specialist teams can identify potentially harmful cyanobacteria, guiding pool technicians in implementing effective treatment strategies. For those dealing with persistent black algae issues, utilizing such precise diagnostic tools can significantly aid in managing and mitigating these biofilms.
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